This ESRC-funded study was part of the ‘What Works in Tackling Poverty’ theme, and focused on the role of housing providers in addressing poverty faced by 16-25 year olds. The paper provides some contextual background to the central case study element of the overall project. It presents the findings from an analysis of the change that has occurred in the lives of two cohorts of young people, drawn from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study.